Jumat, 19 Maret 2010

the audio-lingual method and the silent way

AUDIO_LINGUAL METHOD

Theory of language
The Structural view of language is the view behind the audio-lingual method. Particular emphasis was laid on mastering the building blocks of language and learning the rules for combining them.

Theory of learning
Behaviori sm, including the following principles:
language learning is habit-formation
mistakes are bad and should be avoided, as they make bad habits
language skills are learned more effectively if they are presented orally first, then in written form
analogy is a better foundation for language learning than analysis
the meanings of words can be learned only in a linguistic and cultural context
Objectives
Here are some of the objectives of the audio-lingual method:
accurate pronunciation and grammar
ability to respond quickly and accurately in speech situations
knowledge of sufficient vocabulary to use with grammar patterns.
The syllabus
Audiolingualism uses a structural syllabus


Types of learning techniques and activities
dialogues
drills





Procedure
Here is a typical procedure in an audio-lingual course
Students hear a model dialogue
Students repeat each line of the dialogue
Certain key words or phrases may be changed in the dialogue
Key structures from the dialogue serve as the basis for pattern drills of different kinds.
The students practice substitutions in the pattern drills


THE SILENT WAY

The Silent Way is an approach to foreign-language learning designed to enable students to become independent, autonomous and responsible learners. It is part of a more general pedagogical approach to teaching and learning created by Caleb Gattegno, and operated by Educational Solutions Worldwide Inc. It is constructivist in nature, leading students to develop their own conceptual models of all the aspects of the language.
With The Silent Way, each sound in the new language is assigned a unique color. Once students have been introduced to the colors, they can determine the pronunciation of any word regardless of spelling. This is one way that the approach facilitates autonomous learning.
The main objective of a teacher using The Silent Way is to optimize the way students exchange their time for experience. Gattegno considered this to be the basic principle behind all education: "Living a life is changing time into experience." Experiencing the language means exploring it independently, experimenting, and speaking as much as possible. If students experience mistakes, and experience successes, they will retain the information much better than if they had memorized it.
The students are guided into developing their own "inner criteria" of what is right in the new language. They are encouraged to use all their mental powers to make connections between sounds and meanings in the target language. In a Silent Way class, the students express their thoughts and feelings about concrete situations created in the classroom by themselves or the teacher.
Ivo Angelia/3sao3

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